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Is Carding Really Harder Now?
Yes it fucking is. If you opened this post expecting sunshine and rainbows youre in for a rude awakening.
3DS,
AI antifraud systems, stringent verificationsâthe security world is rolling out a goddamn arsenal to pound us into oblivion. And they keep pounding and pounding and pounding and pounding with no end in sight.
Carding persists despite these challenges. It hasnt died; it mutated. Those failing to evolve find themselves obsolete. The days of easy scores with garbage cards and cookie-cutter setups? Gone. Fucking gone. We now navigate an unforgiving industry where only the
sharpest most
innovative and
resourceful carders thrive.
This new landscape is a fucking arms race between carders and security systems. We find a loophole they patch it. They roll out new defenses we crack them. Its an endless game of digital cat and mouse but the stakes have never been higher. That method that was printing money six months ago? Probably worthless now. The antidetect setup you dropped a fortune on? Likely flagged by every major retailer and their dog. Staying ahead isnt just about having the shiniest tools or the freshest cards anymore. Its about understanding the entire ecosystem of online fraud detection and outsmarting it at every turn.
To thrive in this new world you need more than technical skills. You need to be part hacker part psychologist and part futurist. The best carders arent just keeping upâtheyre anticipating the next move predicting where the security holes will be before they even open up. Its a game of 4D chess and if youre still playing checkers youre already fucked.
Remember when carding felt more like a walk in the park than a fucking military operation? Those were the days. You could snag a bunch of cards from some shady website like
Unicc, slap em into a basic checker and boomâyoure in business. No fancy antidetect browsers no rotating residential proxies just raw audacity and a bit of luck.
Back then
3DS was as rare as a unicorn shit. Most sites were happy if you got the
CVV right. You could card on your regular ass browser without worrying about device fingerprinting or behavioral analysis. Hell some of us were hitting major retailers from
Internet Explorer and still coming out on top.
Drops? You could use the same address for months before it got burned. None of this one-and-done bullshit we deal with now. Youd build a relationship with your drop guy knowing your packages would keep flowing as long as you kept him paid. Heck you can even ship to your own address without a care.
The golden age of refunding too. Youd order something expensive claim it never arrived and boomâinstant refund. No questions asked no need for elaborate social engineering schemes. Companies were so desperate for good reviews theyd eat the loss without batting an eye.
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Even when you did get caught the consequences were often laughable. Most sites would just ban your account and call it a day. No cross-platform blacklists, no AI remembering your patterns for eternity. You could create a new account on a different IP and be right back at it within minutes.
But lets not get too nostalgic: sure it was easier but the payoffs were smaller too. We didnt have access to the high-value shit we can hit now. No carding
Gucci bags or scoring the latest
iPhone on release day. It was mostly gift cards cheap electronics and if you were lucky maybe a mid-range laptop.
Those simpler times shaped many of us into the carders we are today. They taught us the fundamentals gave us room to experiment and fail without catastrophic consequences. But make no mistakeâthat era is dead and buried. Longing for those days wont bring them back. Instead we must take those old-school lessons and apply them to improve ourselves.
Knowledge
While various factors contribute to the increasing difficulty of carding the root cause boils down to one thing:
lack of fucking knowledge. Carders are getting dumber while security systems get smarter. Lets break this shit down:
3DS/AI Antifraud Systems
3D Secure and
AI antifraud systems stand as the twin enemies of modern carders. Yet most dipshits in the game dont even understand what theyre up against. Instead of learning how these systems actually work they swallow whatever bullshit gets spread around in
Telegram groups.
You see morons claiming:
- Only way to hit a "3D store" is with NONVBV cards
- Some genius cracked a universal 3DS bypass (for just $200!)
- Nothing matters except finding that magical NONVBV BIN
- Only way to beat AI is with "clean" residential proxies
- Some whiz kid cracked a universal antifraud bypass (for just $500!)
- Nothing matters except finding that "undetectable" antidetect browser
This ignorance spreads like a fucking plague.
3DS and
AI antifraud might be tough nuts to crack but believing this crap makes it damn near impossible. Each piece of misinformation passed around is like rust on our collective toolkit.
The willful ignorance and
lack of knowledge creates a vicious feedback loop. As fewer carders truly understand these systems the successful ones guard their knowledge fiercely. The clueless masses keep repeating the same mistakes making it easier for fraud detection systems to spot them. Meanwhile the knowledgeable few exploit the gaps staying ahead of the curve.
Second-hand Card Resellers
Resellers are probably one of the biggest reasons carding has become such a goddamn headache. These dipshits are selling the same blacklisted cards across multiple stores pretending theyre fresh when in reality theyve been burned to a crisp.
Some asshole buys a batch of cards uses the good ones then resells the rest to multiple stores. They slap a "first-hand" label on that recycled garbage and push it out to unsuspecting buyers. Not only does this cost some poor schmuck his money but it feeds valuable data to antifraud systems with every failed transaction.
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Why do they pull this shit? Because they
lack the basic fucking knowledge to operate properly. Theyre so focused on short-term gains they cant see theyre poisoning the well for everyone. Sure they might make a quick buck now but in the long run its a net negative for the entire industry.
ĐŅĐž ŅаĐēĐļĐĩ ĐēаŅаĐĩŅŅŅ ĐŧĐ°ĐŗĐ°ĐˇĐ¸ĐŊОв, ĐēĐžŅĐžŅŅĐĩ ĐžŅ
ĐžŅĐŊĐž ŅĐŋĐžŅОйŅŅвŅŅŅ Đ¸ ĐŋОСвОĐģŅŅŅ ŅŅиĐŧ ĐŋŅОдавŅаĐŧ ŅаСĐŧĐŊĐžĐļаŅŅŅŅ, ĐŋŅĐžŅŅĐž ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐžĐŊи ĐŧĐžĐŗĐģи ĐŋĐžĐŋĐžĐģĐŊиŅŅ ŅвОи СаĐŋаŅŅ. ĐŖ ĐŊиŅ
ĐŊĐĩŅ ĐŊавŅĐēОв и СĐŊаĐŊиК, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ŅĐŋŅавĐģŅŅŅ ĐˇĐ°ĐēĐžĐŊĐŊŅĐŧ ŅŅĐŊĐēĐžĐŧ, ĐŋĐžŅŅĐžĐŧŅ ĐžĐŊи ŅĐĩĐŋĐģŅŅŅŅŅ ĐˇĐ° ŅŅи ŅĐĩĐŊĐĩвŅĐĩ ŅаĐēŅиĐēи.
ĐŅĐž ĐŋĐžŅĐžŅĐŊŅĐš ĐēŅŅĐŗ ĐŊĐĩвĐĩĐļĐĩŅŅва и ĐļадĐŊĐžŅŅи. Đ ĐĩŅĐĩĐģĐģĐĩŅŅ ĐŊĐĩ ĐŋĐžĐŊиĐŧаŅŅ Đ¸Đģи ĐŊĐĩ СайОŅŅŅŅŅ Đž Đ´ĐžĐģĐŗĐžŅŅĐžŅĐŊĐžĐŧ ŅŅĐĩŅĐąĐĩ, ĐēĐžŅĐžŅŅĐš ĐžĐŊи ĐŊаĐŊĐžŅŅŅ. ĐĐ°ĐŗĐ°ĐˇĐ¸ĐŊŅ ĐēаŅŅ ŅĐģиŅĐēĐžĐŧ ĐŊĐĩĐēĐžĐŧĐŋĐĩŅĐĩĐŊŅĐŊŅ Đ¸Đģи ĐģĐĩĐŊивŅ, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ Đ˛ĐŊĐĩĐ´ŅиŅŅ ĐŊадĐģĐĩĐļаŅиК ĐēĐžĐŊŅŅĐžĐģŅ ĐēаŅĐĩŅŅва. Рв ŅĐĩŅĐĩдиĐŊĐĩ ĐžĐēаСŅваŅŅŅŅ Đ˛ŅĐĩ ĐžŅŅаĐģŅĐŊŅĐĩ, ĐēŅĐž ĐŋŅĐžŅŅĐž ĐŋŅŅаĐĩŅŅŅ ĐŋĐžĐģŅŅиŅŅ Ņ
ĐžŅĐžŅŅŅ ĐēаŅŅŅ, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐˇĐ°ŅайОŅаŅŅ ĐŊĐĩĐŧĐŊĐžĐŗĐž Đ´ĐĩĐŊĐĩĐŗ.
РиĐŋĐŋĐĩŅŅ â ĐžŅĐąŅĐžŅŅ ĐˇĐĩĐŧĐģи, ŅаĐŧŅĐĩ ĐŊиСŅиĐĩ иС ĐŗŅĐĩйаĐŊŅŅ
ĐŊиСОв в ĐŊаŅĐĩĐŧ ŅООйŅĐĩŅŅвĐĩ. ĐŅи ĐŋаŅаСиŅŅ ĐˇĐ°ĐŋĐžĐģĐžĐŊиĐģи ĐŗŅŅĐŋĐŋŅ Đ¸ ŅĐžŅŅĐŧŅ
Telegram , ŅĐŋаĐŧŅŅ ŅвОи Đ´ĐĩŅŅĐŧОвŅĐĩ ÂĢŅĐĩŅвиŅŅÂģ ĐŋОддĐĩĐģŅĐŊŅĐŧи ŅĐēŅиĐŊŅĐžŅаĐŧи Ņ
иŅОв и ĐŋŅийŅĐģĐĩĐš, вŅĐĩĐŗĐ´Đ° ĐŗĐžĐ˛ĐžŅŅ ĐŧаŅĐēаĐŧ ÂĢвĐēĐģŅŅаŅŅŅŅÂģ. ĐĐŊи СаŅаиĐģиŅŅ, ĐžĐļидаŅ, ĐēĐžĐŗĐ´Đ° ĐēаĐēОК-ĐŊийŅĐ´Ņ ĐąĐĩĐ´ĐŊŅĐŗĐ° ĐēĐģŅĐŊĐĩŅ ĐŊа ĐŋŅиĐŧаĐŊĐēŅ, а СаŅĐĩĐŧ ŅĐēŅŅваŅŅŅŅ, ĐēаĐē ŅĐžĐģŅĐēĐž ĐēŅиĐŋŅĐž-ĐŋĐĩŅĐĩвОд ĐąŅĐ´ĐĩŅ ĐžŅиŅĐĩĐŊ.
ĐĐĩĐ´ĐžŅŅаŅĐžĐē
СĐŊаĐŊиК СдĐĩŅŅ â ŅŅĐž ŅĐģиŅа Ņ Đ´Đ˛ŅŅŅĐžŅĐžĐŊĐŊиĐŧ двиĐļĐĩĐŊиĐĩĐŧ ĐŗĐģŅĐŋĐžŅŅи. ĐĄ ОдĐŊОК ŅŅĐžŅĐžĐŊŅ, Ņ Đ˛Đ°Ņ ĐĩŅŅŅ ĐŋŅидŅŅĐžĐē, ĐēĐžŅĐžŅŅĐš ĐŋĐžĐŋадаĐĩŅŅŅ ĐŊа ŅŅи ĐžŅĐĩвидĐŊŅĐĩ аŅĐĩŅŅ. ĐŖ ĐŊиŅ
ĐŊĐĩŅ ŅĐģĐĩĐŧĐĩĐŊŅаŅĐŊĐžĐŗĐž ŅŅвŅŅва, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐˇĐ°ĐŧĐĩŅиŅŅ ĐŗŅайиŅĐĩĐģŅ ĐˇĐ° ĐŧиĐģŅ, ĐžĐŊи ŅĐģиŅĐēĐžĐŧ ĐŗĐžŅŅŅ ĐļĐĩĐģаĐŊиĐĩĐŧ вĐĩŅиŅŅ Đ˛ ОйĐĩŅаĐŊĐ¸Ņ ĐąŅŅŅŅĐžĐŗĐž ĐžĐąĐžĐŗĐ°ŅĐĩĐŊиŅ. ĐĄ Đ´ŅŅĐŗĐžĐš ŅŅĐžŅĐžĐŊŅ, ŅаĐŧ ĐŗŅайиŅĐĩĐģŅ ŅĐģиŅĐēĐžĐŧ ŅĐĩŅŅОвŅĐēи ĐŊĐĩĐēĐžĐŧĐŋĐĩŅĐĩĐŊŅĐĩĐŊ, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐˇĐ°ŅайаŅŅваŅŅ Đ´ĐĩĐŊŅĐŗĐ¸ СаĐēĐžĐŊĐŊŅĐŧ ĐŋŅŅĐĩĐŧ в ŅŅОК Đ¸ĐŗŅĐĩ.
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ĐаŅдиĐŊĐŗ â ŅŅĐž ĐžĐŗŅĐžĐŧĐŊĐ°Ņ Đ¸ĐŊĐ´ŅŅŅŅиŅ. ĐĸĐĩ, Ņ ĐēĐžĐŗĐž ĐĩŅŅŅ ŅĐĩаĐģŅĐŊŅĐĩ ĐŊавŅĐēи и СĐŊаĐŊиŅ, ĐŧĐžĐŗŅŅ ĐˇĐ°ŅайОŅаŅŅ ŅĐĩŅŅĐĩСĐŊŅĐĩ Đ´ĐĩĐŊŅĐŗĐ¸. ĐĐž ŅŅи ĐŗŅайиŅĐĩĐģи? ĐŖ ĐŊиŅ
ĐŊĐĩŅ ĐŊи ĐŧĐžĐˇĐŗĐžĐ˛, ĐŊи ŅиŅ, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐžŅŅ
ваŅиŅŅ ĐˇĐ°ĐēĐžĐŊĐŊŅĐš ĐēŅŅĐžĐē ĐŋиŅĐžĐŗĐ°. ĐĐŧĐĩŅŅĐž ŅŅĐžĐŗĐž ĐžĐŊи ĐŊаĐļиваŅŅŅŅ ĐŊа ĐŊĐĩвĐĩĐļĐĩŅŅвĐĩĐŊĐŊŅŅ
и ĐžŅŅаŅвŅиŅ
ŅŅ, ĐĩŅĐĩ йОĐģŅŅĐĩ ĐžŅŅавĐģŅŅ ĐŊаŅĐĩ ŅООйŅĐĩŅŅвО.
ĐŅĐž ŅвидĐĩŅĐĩĐģŅŅŅвО ŅĐžĐŗĐž, ĐēаĐē даĐģĐĩĐēĐž ĐŧĐžĐļĐĩŅ ĐˇĐ°Đ˛ĐĩŅŅи ĐŊаŅ
ĐŊĐĩĐ´ĐžŅŅаŅĐžĐē СĐŊаĐŊиК . РиĐŋĐŋĐĩŅŅ ŅŅŅĐĩŅŅвŅŅŅ, ĐŋĐžŅĐžĐŧŅ ŅŅĐž ĐĩŅŅŅ ĐŋĐžŅŅĐžŅĐŊĐŊŅĐš СаĐŋĐ°Ņ ĐŊĐĩиĐŊŅĐžŅĐŧиŅОваĐŊĐŊŅŅ
ŅŅĐŋиŅ, ĐŗĐžŅОвŅŅ
Đē ŅĐžĐŧŅ, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ Đ¸Ņ
ĐēиĐŊŅĐģи. Đ ĐēаĐļĐ´ŅĐš ŅŅĐŋĐĩŅĐŊŅĐš ŅиĐŋ ŅĐēŅĐĩĐŋĐģŅĐĩŅ Đ¸Đ´ĐĩŅ Đž ŅĐžĐŧ, ŅŅĐž ĐŧĐžŅĐĩĐŊĐŊиŅĐĩŅŅвО ĐŋŅĐžŅĐĩ, ŅĐĩĐŧ ОйŅŅĐĩĐŊиĐĩ ŅĐĩаĐģŅĐŊŅĐŧ ĐŊавŅĐēаĐŧ ĐēаŅдиĐŊĐŗĐ°.
ĐŅĐž Đ´ĐĩŅŅĐŧĐž ĐŊĐĩ ŅĐžĐģŅĐēĐž вŅĐĩĐ´Đ¸Ņ ĐžŅĐ´ĐĩĐģŅĐŊŅĐŧ ĐļĐĩŅŅваĐŧ. ĐĐŊĐž ĐŋОдŅŅваĐĩŅ Đ´ĐžĐ˛ĐĩŅиĐĩ вĐŊŅŅŅи ŅООйŅĐĩŅŅва, Đ´ĐĩĐģаĐĩŅ ĐŊОвиŅĐēОв ĐŧĐĩĐŊĐĩĐĩ ĐžŅ
ĐžŅĐŊŅĐŧи Đē ОйŅŅĐĩĐŊĐ¸Ņ Đ¸ ŅŅ
ŅĐ´ŅаĐĩŅ ŅĐĩĐŋŅŅаŅĐ¸Ņ ĐēаŅдиĐŊĐŗĐ° в ŅĐĩĐģĐžĐŧ. ĐŅĐĩ ĐŋĐžŅĐžĐŧŅ, ŅŅĐž ĐŊĐĩĐēĐžŅĐžŅŅĐĩ ĐģĐĩĐŊивŅĐĩ ŅĐąĐģŅĐ´Đēи ĐŋŅĐĩĐ´ĐŋĐžŅиŅаŅŅ ĐąŅŅŅŅĐž СаŅайОŅаŅŅ ĐŊĐĩŅĐĩŅŅĐŊŅĐŧ ĐŋŅŅĐĩĐŧ, ŅĐĩĐŧ вĐēĐģадŅваŅŅŅŅ Đ˛ ŅайОŅŅ, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐŋĐžĐģŅŅиŅŅ ŅĐĩаĐģŅĐŊŅĐĩ СĐŊаĐŊĐ¸Ņ Đ¸ ĐŊавŅĐēи.
*** ĐĄĐēŅŅŅŅĐš ŅĐĩĐēŅŅ: ĐŊĐĩ ĐŧĐžĐļĐĩŅ ĐąŅŅŅ ĐŋŅĐžŅиŅиŅОваĐŊ. ***
ĐŅŅŅ Đ˛ĐŋĐĩŅĐĩĐ´
ĐĄŅŅĐžĐ˛Đ°Ņ ĐŋŅавда? ĐŅ ŅаĐŧи ŅĐĩĐąĐĩ вŅŅŅŅĐĩĐģиĐģи в ĐŊĐžĐŗŅ, ĐŧаŅŅ Đ¸Ņ
. ĐаŅĐĩ ĐēĐžĐģĐģĐĩĐēŅивĐŊĐžĐĩ
ĐžŅŅŅŅŅŅвиĐĩ СĐŊаĐŊиК ĐŋŅĐĩвŅаŅиĐģĐž ĐēаŅŅĐžŅĐŊŅŅ Đ¸ĐŗŅŅ Đ˛ ĐŧиĐŊĐŊĐžĐĩ ĐŋĐžĐģĐĩ, ĐŗĐ´Đĩ йОĐģŅŅиĐŊŅŅвО иС ĐŊĐ°Ņ ĐąŅĐžĐ´Đ¸Ņ Ņ ĐˇĐ°Đ˛ŅСаĐŊĐŊŅĐŧи ĐŗĐģаСаĐŧи.
ĐĐž Đ˛ĐžŅ Đ˛ ŅĐĩĐŧ Đ´ĐĩĐģĐž: ŅаĐē ĐąŅŅŅ ĐŊĐĩ Đ´ĐžĐģĐļĐŊĐž. ĐŅŅŅ Đ˛ĐŋĐĩŅĐĩĐ´ ŅŅĐĩĐŊ ĐēаĐē Đ´ĐĩĐŊŅ, ĐĩŅĐģи Ņ Đ˛Đ°Ņ ĐĩŅŅŅ ŅĐšŅа, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐĩĐŗĐž ŅвидĐĩŅŅ. ĐŅиŅĐģĐž вŅĐĩĐŧŅ ĐžŅĐēаСаŅŅŅŅ ĐžŅ ĐēĐžŅĐžŅĐēиŅ
ĐŋŅŅĐĩĐš, ĐąŅŅŅŅŅŅ
ŅĐĩŅĐĩĐŊиК и Đ´ĐĩŅŅĐŧОвŅŅ
ÂĢĐŗĐ°ŅаĐŊŅиŅОваĐŊĐŊŅŅ
ĐŧĐĩŅОдОвÂģ. ĐдиĐŊŅŅвĐĩĐŊĐŊĐ°Ņ ĐŗĐ°ŅаĐŊŅĐ¸Ņ Đ˛ ŅŅОК Đ¸ĐŗŅĐĩ â ĐŊĐĩвĐĩĐļĐĩŅŅвО ĐŋŅивĐĩĐ´ĐĩŅ Đ˛Đ°Ņ Đē ŅĐžĐļĐļĐĩĐŊиŅ.
ĐĨĐžŅиŅĐĩ ĐŋŅĐĩŅŅĐŋĐĩŅŅ Đ˛ ŅŅОК ĐŊОвОК ŅŅĐĩ ĐēаŅдиĐŊĐŗĐ°? РаСвиваКŅĐĩ ĐŊĐĩĐŊаŅŅŅĐŊŅŅ ĐļаĐļĐ´Ņ
СĐŊаĐŊиК . ĐŅĐŊĐžŅиŅĐĩŅŅ Đē ĐēаĐļдОК ĐŊĐĩŅдаŅĐŊОК ĐēаŅŅĐĩ, ĐēаĐļдОК ĐžŅĐēĐģĐžĐŊĐĩĐŊĐŊОК ŅŅаĐŊСаĐēŅии ĐēаĐē Đē ŅŅĐžĐēŅ. ĐĐŊаĐģиСиŅŅĐšŅĐĩ, ŅаСйиŅаКŅĐĩ и ĐŋОКĐŧиŅĐĩ, ĐŋĐžŅĐĩĐŧŅ Đ˛Đ°Ņ ĐŋОКĐŧаĐģи. ĐĐĩ ĐŗĐžĐŊиŅĐĩŅŅ ĐŋŅĐžŅŅĐž Са ŅĐģĐĩĐ´ŅŅŅиĐŧ ĐŗĐžŅŅŅиĐŧ BIN иĐģи аĐŊŅидĐĩŅĐĩĐēŅ-ĐŊаŅŅŅОКĐēОК. ĐĐžĐŊиŅĐĩŅŅ ĐˇĐ° ĐŋĐžĐŊиĐŧаĐŊиĐĩĐŧ.
ĐаŅĐ´ĐĩŅŅ, ĐēĐžŅĐžŅŅĐĩ ĐąŅĐ´ŅŅ Đ´ĐžĐŧиĐŊиŅОваŅŅ Đ˛ ĐąĐģиĐļаКŅиĐĩ ĐŗĐžĐ´Ņ, ĐŊĐĩ ŅĐĩ, Ņ ĐēĐžĐŗĐž ŅаĐŧŅĐĩ ĐąĐģĐĩŅŅŅŅиĐĩ иĐŊŅŅŅŅĐŧĐĩĐŊŅŅ. ĐŅĐž ŅĐĩ, ĐēŅĐž вĐģĐžĐļиĐģ ĐŧĐŊĐžĐŗĐž ŅиĐģ, ŅŅĐžĐąŅ ĐŋĐž-ĐŊаŅŅĐžŅŅĐĩĐŧŅ ĐŋĐžĐŊŅŅŅ, ĐēаĐē ŅайОŅаŅŅ ŅŅи ŅиŅŅĐĩĐŧŅ. ĐŅĐž ŅĐĩ, ĐēŅĐž иСŅŅаĐĩŅ Đ°ĐģĐŗĐžŅиŅĐŧŅ ĐĐ, ŅĐģОвĐŊĐž ĐžŅ ŅŅĐžĐŗĐž СавиŅĐ¸Ņ Đ¸Ņ
ĐļиСĐŊŅ, ĐŋĐžŅĐžĐŧŅ ŅŅĐž в ŅŅОК Đ¸ĐŗŅĐĩ ŅŅĐž, ŅĐĩŅŅ Đ˛ĐžĐˇŅĐŧи, ŅаĐē и ĐĩŅŅŅ.
ĐĐžĐŧĐŊиŅĐĩ, ŅŅĐž ĐēаĐļĐ´ĐžĐĩ ОйĐŊОвĐģĐĩĐŊиĐĩ ĐąĐĩСОĐŋаŅĐŊĐžŅŅи, ĐēаĐļĐ´Đ°Ņ ĐŊĐžĐ˛Đ°Ņ ĐŧĐĩŅа ĐŋĐž йОŅŅĐąĐĩ Ņ ĐŧĐžŅĐĩĐŊĐŊиŅĐĩŅŅвОĐŧ â ŅŅĐž вОСĐŧĐžĐļĐŊĐžŅŅŅ, ĐĩŅĐģи Đ˛Ņ ĐˇĐŊаĐĩŅĐĩ, ĐēаĐē ĐŊа ĐŊĐĩĐĩ ŅĐŧĐžŅŅĐĩŅŅ. ĐĐžĐēа ĐŧаŅŅŅ ĐŋĐģаŅŅŅ Đž ŅĐžĐŧ, ŅŅĐž ĐēаŅдиĐŊĐŗ ÂĢĐŧĐĩŅŅвÂģ, ĐŊаŅŅĐžŅŅиĐĩ Đ¸ĐŗŅĐžĐēи ĐŋŅиŅĐŋĐžŅайĐģиваŅŅŅŅ, ŅаСвиваŅŅŅŅ Đ¸ ĐŋОйĐĩĐļдаŅŅ.
ĐŅаĐē, Đ˛ĐžŅ Đ˛Đ°Đŧ СвОĐŊĐžĐē Đ´ĐģŅ ĐŋŅОйŅĐļĐ´ĐĩĐŊиŅ:
СаКĐŧиŅĐĩŅŅ ĐžĐąŅŅĐĩĐŊиĐĩĐŧ . ĐĐĩ ĐŋŅĐžŅŅĐž ĐŋОвĐĩŅŅ
ĐŊĐžŅŅĐŊОК ĐĩŅŅĐŊдОК, а ĐŗĐģŅйОĐēиĐŧи вŅĐĩŅŅĐžŅĐžĐŊĐŊиĐŧи СĐŊаĐŊиŅĐŧи. ĐОКĐŧиŅĐĩ ĐŋŅиŅ
ĐžĐģĐžĐŗĐ¸Ņ ŅĐžŅиаĐģŅĐŊОК иĐŊĐļĐĩĐŊĐĩŅии. ĐŖĐˇĐŊаКŅĐĩ, ĐēаĐē ОйŅŅаŅŅŅŅ ĐŧОдĐĩĐģи ĐĐ. ĐСŅŅиŅĐĩ ŅĐžĐŊĐēĐžŅŅи ĐŋĐģаŅĐĩĐļĐŊŅŅ
ŅĐģŅСОв. ĐĄŅаĐŊŅŅĐĩ ŅĐēŅĐŋĐĩŅŅĐžĐŧ, Ņ ĐēĐžŅĐžŅĐžĐŗĐž Đ˛Ņ Ņ
ĐžŅĐĩĐģи ĐąŅ ĐēŅĐŋиŅŅ ĐŧĐĩŅОд.
ĐŅĐ´ŅŅĐĩĐĩ ĐēаŅдиĐŊĐŗĐ° ĐŋŅиĐŊадĐģĐĩĐļĐ¸Ņ ĐžĐąŅаСОваĐŊĐŊŅĐŧ
, адаĐŋŅивĐŊŅĐŧ и
ĐŊĐĩĐŋŅĐĩĐēĐģĐžĐŊĐŊŅĐŧ . ĐĐŊĐž ĐŋŅиĐŊадĐģĐĩĐļĐ¸Ņ ŅĐĩĐŧ, ĐēŅĐž Đ˛Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ņ Đ˛ СĐŊаĐŊиŅŅ
ĐŊĐĩ ĐąŅĐĩĐŧŅ, а айŅĐžĐģŅŅĐŊĐžĐĩ ĐžŅŅĐļиĐĩ. ĐĸаĐē ŅŅĐž ŅĐŋŅĐžŅиŅĐĩ ŅĐĩĐąŅ: ŅОйиŅаĐĩŅĐĩŅŅ Đģи Đ˛Ņ ĐŋŅОдОĐģĐļаŅŅ ŅĐŋĐžŅŅĐēаŅŅŅŅ Đ˛ ŅĐĩĐŧĐŊĐžŅĐĩ иĐģи ĐŗĐžŅĐžĐ˛Ņ ĐžŅвĐĩŅиŅŅ ŅŅĐžŅ ŅĐĩŅŅОв ĐŋŅŅŅ?
ĐŅĐąĐžŅ ĐˇĐ° ваĐŧи. ĐĐž ĐŋĐžĐŧĐŊиŅĐĩ, в ĐŧиŅĐĩ, ĐŗĐ´Đĩ СĐŊаĐŊиĐĩ â ŅиĐģа, ĐŊĐĩвĐĩĐļĐĩŅŅвО â ŅŅĐž ĐŊĐĩ ĐŋŅĐžŅŅĐž ĐąĐģаĐļĐĩĐŊŅŅвО, ŅŅĐž вŅĐŧиŅаĐŊиĐĩ. Đ ŅĐĩĐŋĐĩŅŅ Đ¸Đ´Đ¸ŅĐĩ и ĐŊаŅиĐŊаКŅĐĩ ŅŅиŅŅŅŅ, вŅ, ĐŋŅĐĩĐēŅаŅĐŊŅĐĩ ŅĐąĐģŅĐ´Đēи.
ĐŅĐ´ŅŅĐĩĐĩ ĐēаŅдиĐŊĐŗĐ° ĐļĐ´ĐĩŅ, и ĐžĐŊĐž ĐąĐģĐ°ĐŗĐžĐŋŅиŅŅŅŅвŅĐĩŅ ĐŋĐžĐ´ĐŗĐžŅОвĐģĐĩĐŊĐŊĐžĐŧŅ ŅĐŧŅ. doctrine out.